Greece | Constitutional provisions

Text of the Constitution (in English)

1. Provisions concerning the European Union

Art. 28 1. The generally recognised rules of international law, as well as international conventions as of the time they are ratified by statute and become operative according to their respective conditions, shall be an integral part of domestic Greek law and shall prevail over any contrary provision of the law. The rules of international law and of international conventions shall be applicable to aliens only under the condition of reciprocity.

2. Authorities provided by the Constitution may by treaty or agreement be vested in agencies of international organizations, when this serves an important national interest and promotes cooperation with other States. A majority of three-fifths of the total number of Members of Parliament shall be necessary to vote the law ratifying the treaty or agreement.

3. Greece shall freely proceed by law passed by an absolute majority of the total number of Members of Parliament to limit the exercise of national sovereignty, insofar as this is dictated by an important national interest, does not infringe upon the rights of man and the foundations of democratic government and is effected on the basis of the principles of equality and under the condition of reciprocity.

** Interpretative clause: Article 28 constitutes the foundation for the participation of the Country in the European integration process.

Art. 70 8. The Standing Orders of Parliament shall specify the manner in which the Parliament is informed by the Government on issues being the object of regulation in the framework of the European Union, and debates on these.

Art. 80 1. No salary, pension, subsidy or remuneration shall be entered in the State budget or granted, unless it is provided for by statute concerning the organization or other special statute.

2. The minting or issuing of currency shall be regulated by law.

** Interpretative clause: Paragraph 2 does not impede the participation of Greece in the process of the Economic and Monetary Union, in the wider framework of European integration, according to the provisions of article 28.

2. Provisions concerning International Treaties

Art. 2 (1) Respect for and protection of human dignity constitute the primary obligation of the State.

(2) Greece, following the generally accepted rules of international law, seeks consolidation of peace and justice and fostering of friendly relations among Peoples and States.

Art. 28 (See above)

Art. 36 [International Representation] (1) The President of the Republic without any prejudice to the provisions of Article 35 (1) shall represent the State in its urelations to other States, declare war, conclude treaties of peace, alliance, economic co-operation and participation in international organizations or unions, and announce the same to Parliament with the necessary clarifications, if the interests and security of the State so permit.
(2) Commercial treaties and those relating to taxation, economic co-operation, and participation in international organizations or unions, and such other treaties as contain concessions in regard to which, under the provisions of this Constitution, nothing can be determined without a law, or which entail a burden on Greeks as individuals, shall be invalid without the formal law which ratifies them.
(3) The secret articles of a treaty shall under no circumstances subvert the published articles thereof.
(4) The ratification of international treaties may not become the subject of legislation authorization under Article 43 (2) and (4).

3. Provisions concerning constitutional reform

Section II Revision of the Constitution

Art. 110 (1) The provisions of the Constitution, save those which determine the basis and the form of government as a Parliamentary Republic with a President as Head of State and those of Articles 2 (1), 4 (1), (4) and (7), 5 (1) and (3), 13 (1) and 26 shall be subject to revision.

(2) The need to revise the Constitution shall be ascertained by a decision of Parliament taken following a motion by at least fifty deputies, approved by a majority of three fifths of the total number of deputies in two votes separated from each other by at least one month. The same decision shall determine in detail the provisions to be revised.

(3) Once the revision has been decided upon by Parliament, the following Parliament in its first session shall, with an absolute majority of all the members thereof, decide on the provisions to be revised.

(4) If the proposal for the revision of the Constitution be approved by the majority of the total number of deputies but not by the majority of three fifths specified in Paragraph (2), the following Parliament in its first session may decide on the provisions to be revised by a majority of three fifths of the total number thereof.

(5) Every revised provision of the Constitution shall be published in the Government Gazette within ten days from the day it was approved by Parliament, and shall be put into effect by a special Parliamentary resolution.

(6) The Constitution may not be revised before the lapse of a five year period from the previous revision thereof.

4. Provisions concerning referendums

Art. 44 (2) After a decision taken by a three fifths majority of the total number of the members of the Parliament, in accordance to a proposition of the Cabinet, the President of the Republic shall proclaim by a decree referenda on national questions of crucial importance. After a decision taken by a three fifths majority of the total number of the members of the Parliament, following a proposition of the two fifths thereof, the President of the Republic shall proclaim by a decree referenda on bills passed by the Parliament regarding serious social issues, with the exception of fiscal bills, in accordance to the Regulation of Parliament and a law regulating the application of this Paragraph. The proposition of more than one referendum on bills in the same Parliamentary Term is prohibited.

Art. 100 1) A Special Supreme Tribunal shall be established, which shall deal with the following matters:
b) the examination of the validity and the results of referenda held under Article 44 (2).